applicationsDeveloperGoogleGeneralavailabilityNovember 3, 2014; 8 months ago[1]Latest releaseLMY48G[2]/ June 29, 2015; 11 days agoLatest previewLPX13D / October 17, 2014; 8 months agoPreceded byAndroid 4.4.4 "KitKat"Succeeded byAndroid MOfficial websitewww.android.comAndroid Lollipopis a version of theAndroidmobile operating systemdeveloped byGoogle, spanning versions between 5.0 and 5.1.1.[3]Unveiled on June 25, 2014, during theGoogle I/Oconference, it became available through officialover-the-air(OTA) updates on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google (such asNexusandGoogle Play editiondevices). Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.One of the most prominent changes in the Lollipop release is a redesigned user interface built around adesign languagereferred to as "material design". Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Google also made internal changes to the platform, with theAndroid Runtime(ART) officially replacingDalvikfor improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta.As of June 2015, statistics issued by Google indicate that 12.4% of all Android devices accessingGoogle Playrun Lollipop.[4]Lollipop is succeeded by theAndroid M, which was unveiled in May 2015.[5]DevelopmentAndroid 5.0 was first unveiled under the codename "Android L" on June 25,2014 during a keynote presentation at theGoogle I/Odevelopers' conference. Alongside Lollipop, the presentation focused on a number of new Android-oriented platforms and technologies, includingAndroid TV, in-car platformAndroid Auto,wearable computingplatformAndroid Wear, and health tracking platformGoogle Fit.[6]Part of the presentation was dedicated to a new cross-platformdesign languagereferred to as "material design". Expanding upon the "card" motifs first seen inGoogle Now, it is a design with increased use of grid-based layouts, responsive animations and transitions, padding, and depth effects such as lighting and shadows. DesignerMatías Duarteexplained that "unlike real paper, our digital material can expand and reform intelligently. Material has physical surfaces and edges. Seams and shadows provide meaning about what you can touch." The material design language will not only be used on Android, but across Google's suite of web software as well, providing a consistent experience across all platforms.[7][8][9][10][11]FeaturesAndroid 5.0 introduces a refreshed notification system. Individual notifications are now displayed on cards to adhere to the material design language, and batches of notifications can be grouped by the app that produced them. Notifications are now displayed on thelock screenas cards, and "heads up" notifications can also be displayed as large banners across the top of the screen, along with their respective action buttons.[8][12]A do-not-disturb feature is also added for notifications. The recent apps menu was redesigned to use a three-dimensional stack of cards to represent open apps. Individual apps can also display multiple cards in the recent menu, rather than only one entry per app; for example,a web browser can show all of its opentabsas individual cards.[8][10][13]Lollipop also contains major new platform features for developers, with over 5,000 newAPIsadded for use by applications.[14][15]For example,there is the possibility to save photos in araw image format.[16]Additionally, theDalvik virtual machinewas officially replaced byAndroid Runtime(ART), which is a newruntime environmentthat was introduced asatechnology previewin KitKat.[17]ART is a cross-platform runtime which supports thex86,ARM, andMIPSarchitectures in both32-bitand64-bitenvironments. Unlike Dalvik, which usesjust-in-time compilation(JIT), ART compiles appsupon installation, which are then run exclusively from the compiled version from then on. This technique removes the processing overhead associated with the JIT process, improving system performance.[18]Lollipop also aims to improve battery consumption through a series of optimizations known as "Project Volta". Among its changes are a new battery saver mode, job scheduling APIs which can restrict certain tasks to only occur overWi-Fi, and batching of tasks to reduce the overall amount of time that internal radios are active. The new developer tool called "Battery Historian" can be used for tracking battery consumption by apps while in use.[6][8]The Android Extension Pack APIs also provide graphics functions such as newshaders, aiming to providePC-level graphics for 3D games on Android devices.[11][19]A number of system-level, enterprise-oriented features were also introduced under the banner "Android for Work". TheSamsung Knoxsecurity framework was initially planned to be used as a foundation for"Android for Work", but instead Google opted to use its own technology for segregating personal and work-oriented data on a device, along with the accompanying APIs for managing the environment.[20]With the "Smart Lock" feature, devices can also be configured so users do not have to perform device unlocking with a PIN or pattern when being on a trusted location, or in proximity of a designatedBluetoothdevice orNFC tag.[21][13][22]Device encryption will be enabled by default.[23]Cyrus Vance, Jr., theManhattan District Attorney, said on September 26, 2014 that Congress should act to preserve the ability of law enforcement agencies to extract data from phones.[24]ReleaseA developer preview of Android L, build LPV79,[25]was released for theNexus 5and2013 Nexus 7on June 26, 2014 in the form offlashableimages.Source codeforGPL-licensed components of the developer preview was released viaAndroid Open Source Project(AOSP) in July 2014.[26][27]A second developer preview build, LPV81C, was released on August 7, 2014, alongside the beta version of theGoogle Fitplatform and SDK. As with the previous build, the second developer preview build is available only for the Nexus 5 and 2013 Nexus 7.[25][28]On October 15, 2014, Google officially announced that Android L would be known as Android 5.0 "Lollipop". The company also unveiled launch devices for Android 5.0—including Motorola'sNexus 6andHTC'sNexus 9—for release on November 3, 2014.[29]Google stated that Nexus (including theNexus 4, 5, 7, and10) andGoogle Play editiondevices would receive updates to Lollipop "in the coming weeks"; one more developer preview build for Nexus devices and the new SDK revision for application developers would be released on October 17, 2014. Update schedules for third-party Android devices may vary by manufacturer.[30][31]The full source code of Android 5.0 was pushed to AOSP on November 3, 2014, allowing developers and OEMs to begin producing their own builds of the operating system.[32]On December 2, 2014, factory images for Nexus smartphones and tablets were updated to the 5.0.1 version, which introduces a few bug fixes,[33]and a serious bug that affects Nexus 4 devices and prevents the audio from working during phone calls.[34]A device-specific Lollipop 5.0.2 (LRX22G) version was released for the first-generation Nexus 7 on December 19, 2014.[35]Android 5.1, an updated version of Lollipop, was unveiled in February 2015 as part of the Indonesian launch ofAndroid One, and is preloaded on Android One devices sold in Indonesia and the Philippines. Google officially announced 5.1 by releasing updates for existing devices on March 9, 2015.[36][37]As of June 2015, statistics issued by Google indicate that 12.4% of all Android devices accessing Google Play run Lollipop.[4]IssuesAll of the Google's official Android 5.x releases for its Nexus line of devices (Nexus 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10) are plagued by a memory leak issue, which remains unsolved as of July 2015.[38]See also*.Android version historyReferences1.^www.android.com2.^"android-5.1.1_r6 – platform/build – Git at Google".android.googlesource.com. RetrievedJune 29,2015.3.^"Android 5.1.1 (LMY47V) hits AOSP [CHANGELOG]".phandroid.com. RetrievedJune 21,2015.4.^ab"Dashboards: Platform Versions".developer.android.com. May 4, 2015. RetrievedJune 6,2015.5.^Chester, Brandon."Google Announces Android M At Google I/O 2015".Anandtech. Purch, Inc. RetrievedMay 28,2015.6.^ab"From Android L to Google Fit: All the new products and features from Google I/O".PC World. RetrievedJune 26,2014.7.^"Google's new 'Material Design' UI coming to Android, Chrome OS and the web".Engadget. RetrievedJune 26,2014.8.^abcd"Google Reveals Details About Android L at Google IO".Anandtech. RetrievedJune 26,2014.9.^"Google's New, Improved Android Will Deliver A Unified Design Language".Co.Design. RetrievedJune 26,2014.10.^ab"We just played with Android's L Developer Preview".Engadget. AOL. RetrievedJune 26,2014.11.^ab"Google's next big Android redesign is coming in the fall".The Verge. Vox Media. RetrievedJune 26,2014.12.^Smith, Chris."Android L's heads up notifications feature arrives early through third-party app".Tech Radar. Future plc. RetrievedAugust 6,2014.13.^ab"Google I/O: Android L Sneak Peek Reveals ‘Material Design,’ Personal Unlocking and More".Wall Street Journal. RetrievedJune 26,2014.14.^Mayton, Joseph."Android L, LG G Watch, update issue and what reviewers are saying".Tech Times. RetrievedAugust 5,2014.15.^Haselton, Todd."Android L Developer Preview Unveiled With Major Changes".Techno Buffalo. RetrievedAugust 5,2014.16.^Stephen Shankland (2014-12-19)."How Android 5.0 lets you get raw for better photos".CNET. Retrieved2015-01-12.17.^"'ART' experiment in Android KitKat improves battery life and speeds up apps".Engadget. RetrievedJune 26,2014.18.^Andrei Frumusanu (July 1, 2014)."A Closer Look at Android RunTime (ART) in Android L".AnandTech. RetrievedJuly 5,2014.19.^"Android's next release will include GPU-focused tech for PC quality graphics".Polygon. Vox Media. RetrievedJune 26,2014.20.^Ina Fried (February 25, 2015)."Google Expands Its "Android for Work" Efforts in Bid to Get More Businesses Using Its Phones".recode.net. RetrievedApril 2,2015.21.^"How to set up Smart Lock on Android 5.0 Lollipop".CNET. Retrieved2 July2015.22.^"With Android L, Google makes pitch for enterprise users".Computerworld. IDG. RetrievedJune 26,2014.23.^"Newest Androids will join iPhones in offering default encryption, blocking police".The Washington Post. September 18, 2014. RetrievedSeptember 18,2014.24.^Vance, Cyrus (September 26, 2014)."Apple and Google threaten public safety with default smartphone encryption".The Washington Post. Retrieved10 July2015.25.^abCory Gunther (August 7, 2014)."New Android L Update Arrives for Nexus Users".gottabemobile.com. RetrievedAugust 9,2014.26.^"Google releases Android L preview source for Nexus devices".ZDNet. CBS Interactive. RetrievedJuly 2,2014.27.^Yi, Bill (July 2, 2014)."GPL projects for the l-preview release".android-building(Mailing list). RetrievedAugust 19,2014.28.^"Google just released some hot new images of Android L – here’s how you can get them".BGR.com. PMC. RetrievedAugust 16,2014.29.^"Android: Be together. Not the same.". Official Google Blog. October 15, 2014. RetrievedOctober 23,2014.30.^"When and where to get Android 5.0 Lollipop".CNET. CBS Interactive. October 15, 2014. RetrievedOctober 16,2014.31.^"Updated Android Lollipop Developer Preview image coming to Nexus devices in a couple of days".PhoneArena. RetrievedOctober 16,2014.32.^"Android Lollipop hits AOSP; HTC sets the upgrade pace".SlashGear. Retrieved24 December2014.33.^"Google quietly pushes out Android Lollipop 5.0.1 images".ZDNet. RetrievedDecember 6,2014.34.^"Nexus 4, lollipop 5.0.1: dialer calls audio does not work".code.google.com. RetrievedDecember 18,2014.35.^"Android 5.0.2 LRX22G Factory Image for Nexus 7 (WiFi) Randomly Shows Up". RetrievedDecember 21,2014.36.^"Google officially announces Android 5.1".Ars Technica. RetrievedMarch 10,2015.37.^"Official Android Blog: Android 5.1: Unwrapping a new Lollipop update".Official Android Blog. RetrievedMarch 10,2015.38.^"Android Open Source Project - Issue Tracker - Google Project Hosting".google.com. RetrievedJuly 6,2015.
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